
Temperature
Hot water-based cleaning solutions require less liquid to remove soil and high temperatures usually melt insoluble materials like wax, fats, or grease.

Agitation
Agitation is done using a groomer or soft brush and generally helps in distributing the preconditioning agents on the cleaning surface.

Chemical Action
Used to suspend soils and loosen them from the carpet fibers. Depending on the type of fiber, different chemical agents are used

Time
Depending on the product used for cleaning, the carpet being cleaned needs to be soaked for a certain amount of time, often referred to as dwell time, and then is rinsed or neutralized.